> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://terradapt.gitbook.io/terradapt-cascadia-documentation/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://terradapt.gitbook.io/terradapt-cascadia-documentation/methods-and-validation/rangeland-fractional-cover/model-validation.md).

# Model Validation

To validate the dynamic forest structure model, we iteratively withheld 1/10th of the training data in a k-fold crossvalidation exercise on 932 training locations distributed across the Columbia Basin region. Each fold was spatially independent, so the withheld fold did not overlap in space with the training folds. The table below shows the r2 adjusted, root mean square error (RMSE) for each variable, averaged across the 10 folds in the crossvalidation.

<table><thead><tr><th width="282">Variable</th><th>r2 Adjusted</th><th>RMSE (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Invasive Annual Grass Cover</td><td>0.508</td><td>9.05%</td></tr><tr><td>Perennial Grass Cover</td><td>0.606</td><td>16.96%</td></tr><tr><td>Sagebrush Cover</td><td>0.619</td><td>6.80%</td></tr><tr><td>Shrub Cover</td><td>0.677</td><td>8.87%</td></tr></tbody></table>